Quantifying effects of soil heterogeneity on groundwater pollution at four sites in USA

Four sites located in the north-eastern region of the United States of America have been chosen to investigate the impacts of soil heterogeneity in the transport of solutes (bromide and chloride) through the vadose zone (the zone in the soil that lies below the root zone and above the permanent saturated groundwater). A recently proposed mathematical model based on the cumulative beta distribution has been deployed to compare and contrast the regions' heterogeneity from multiple sample percolation experiments. Significant differences in patterns of solute leaching were observed even over a small spatial scale, indicating that traditional sampling methods for solute transport, for example the gravity pan or suction lysimeters, or more recent inventions such as the multiple sample percolation systems may not be effective in estimating solute fluxes in soils when a significant degree of soil heterogeneity is present. Consequently, ignoring soil heterogeneity in solute transport studies will likely result in under- or overprediction of leached fluxes and potentially lead to serious pollution of soils and/or groundwater.The cumulative beta distribution technique is found to be a versatile and simple technique of gaining valuable information regarding soil heterogeneity effects on solute transport. It is also an excellent tool for guiding future decisions of experimental designs particularly in regard to the number of samples within one site and the number of sampling locations between sites required to obtain a representative estimate of field solute or drainage flux.

作 者： Saskia Vuurens Frank Stagnitti Gerrit de Rooij Jan Boll LI Ling Marc LeBlanc Daniel lerodiaconou Vince Versace Scott Salzman   作者單位： Saskia Vuurens,Gerrit de Rooij(Wageningen University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sub-department Water Resources, The Netherlands)

Frank Stagnitti,Marc LeBlanc,Daniel lerodiaconou,Vince Versace,Scott Salzman(School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic 3280, Australia)

Jan Boll(Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA)

LI Ling(Centre for Eco-Environmental Modeling, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China) 

刊 名： 中國科學C輯（英文版）  SCI 英文刊名： SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES C(LIFE SCIENCES)  年，卷(期)： 2005 48(z1)  分類號： X5  關鍵詞： solutes   drainage   cumulative beta distribution   pollution   heterogeneity index   bromide   chloride   leaching   multiple sample percolation system   preferential flow  

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