GRE英語作文筆記(三)

　　正文寫作

　　一、段數(shù)量：2~4段之間，一段含4~8個(gè)句子

　　二、TOPIC SENTENCE內(nèi)參4頁

　　三、過渡句，承上啟下

　　l first...second...Third....

　　l In the first place...in the second place...last but not least...

　　l The major problem with this argument is that...

　　Another problem that weakens/ undermines（削弱）the logic of this argument is that...

　　Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out another flaw（several other flaws） that undermines the argument.

　　四、攻擊的方法：

　　例證法：for example / instance

　　假設(shè)法：if, even if, given that（考慮到），granted that（姑且承認(rèn)），only when （只有當(dāng)），unless, in this / that case, even so

　　Unless the arguer provides substantial evidence regarding / concerning / as to..., the assumption that...is unfounded / problematic / unconvincing...

　　推測法：it is possible that..., it is equally possible that..., another possibility is that..., it is also likely that...possibly, perhaps

　　五、運(yùn)用閃光句型增加文采：P 88

　　六、數(shù)據(jù)的問題：

　　1. Begging the question把有待證實(shí)的關(guān)鍵性假設(shè)當(dāng)作已經(jīng)成立

　　Circular reasoning循環(huán)論證P35 2, P44 37, P53 73

　　2. Fallacy of missing evidence

　　Hasty generalization急于概括

　　Neglect a relevant evidence忽略相關(guān)證據(jù)

　　P51 66, P48 56

　　3. False analogy只看到表層差異，而忽略深層差異

　　P63 112, P42 29

　　4. False dilemma / either or fallacy非此即彼的錯(cuò)誤

　　P59 96, P43 34

　　5. Non sequitor => non causal relationship

　　P50 62, P52 70

　　閃光句型:

　　In the absence of all this information, it is impossible for us

　　to evaluate...that...

　　However, the arguer fails to provide any information regarding...

　　It is very likely that...

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