奧林匹克運動的淵源-古代奧運會

奧林匹克運動興起于歐洲資本主義工業化時代，但其淵源可以追溯到古希臘的奧林匹克運動會。古代奧運會為祭祀希臘的萬神之王宙斯神而設立，每四年一屆，在古希臘最著名的宗教祭祀圣地奧林匹亞舉行。從公元前776年開始，到公元393年結束，古代奧運會共舉行了293屆，歷時1169年，其延續時間之長，影響之深遠，在人類歷史上是一個奇跡。之后，歷史中斷了，直到19世紀現代奧運會的興起，它再次綻放輝煌。

Legends obscure the origins of the games, so placing any certain date on the start of the contest is impossible. Even our earliest sources hold the festival in the highest regard, suggesting the games were quite ancient. Pausanias says:

Later on Iphitus, ... arranged the games at Olympia and reestablished afresh the Olympic festival and truce, after an interruption of uncertain length. ... At this time Greece was grievously worn by internal strife and plague, and it occurred to Iphitus to ask the god at Delphi for deliverance from these evils. The story goes that the Pythian priestess ordained that Iphitus himself and the Eleans must renew the Olympic games. (Pausanias 5.4.5-6)

Most historians date Iphitos (Iphitus) to some time in the ninth century B.C.

The first recorded Olympic victor was Koroibos of Elis, traditionally dated to 776 B.C. Historical records and documents have preserved a long list of subsequent Olympic victors. Greek historians later used number of the Olympiad, the four year period between contests, as a means of dating events. If an event was said to have occurred in the first Olympiad, for example, it would be dated to the period of 776 to 772 B.C.  

The games carried on, even as Greece's power declined and Rome's rose. Although the Olympics continued to enjoy a measure of prestige, the varying political and economic changes of the Hellenistic and Roman periods affected both the site and the games. Some later Roman emperors, who admired Greek culture, revived the splendor of the games and restored the site and buildings.

By the 3rd century A.D., however, the lists of victors are increasingly uncertain and incomp

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