2016考研英語翻譯練習題：印刷術

Before printing was invented，a scholar had to copycharacters one by one if he wanted to publish a newbook.During the Northern Song Dynasty， Bi Shenginvented the movable-type printing after many yearsof experimentation.He engraved the characters onsmall pieces of clay，and heated them until they became hard movable characters.When printinga book，people placed the moveable characters in order into a whole block and then ran off aprint.After printing， they took the block apart and reused the characters later.This method wasboth economical and time-saving.China's movable-type printing first spread eastward intoKorea and Japan，then westward into Persia and Egypt，and at last，around the world.Theinvention of movable-type printing greatly promoted the cultural exchanges among countriesall over the world.

參考翻譯

印刷術發明之前，想出版新書的學者必須一字一字地抄寫。北宋時期，經過多年的實驗，畢昇發明了活字印刷術（movable-type printing）。他把漢字刻在一小塊泥胚（pieces of clay）上，加熱漢字直到其變成硬的活字。印書時，人們按順序將活字擺在一起，印出印跡。印刷完后，他們把字分開，以后重復使用。這種方法既經濟又省時。中國的活字印刷術首先向東傳至朝鮮和日本，之后向西傳至波斯（Persia）和埃及，最后傳遍全球。活字印刷術的發明大大促進了世界各國的文化交流。

1.印刷術：可譯為printing.

2.出版新書：可譯為publish a new book.

3.刻：即“雕刻”，可譯為engrave.

4.泥胚：可譯為pieces of clay.clay意為“黏土，陶土”。

5.按順序：可譯為in order.

6.向東傳至朝鮮和日本：可譯為spread eastward intoKorea and Japan.