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動名詞的用法(3)
談談動名詞(Gerund)(五)四、動名詞的語態
4.1 被動式(being + v-ed)
當動名詞的邏輯主語所表示的是動作的對象時，動名詞要用被動語態。
1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.
2. They couldn't stand being treated(被對待) like that.
4.2 完成式 (having + v-ed)
動名詞的動作發生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成式。
1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.
2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.
4.3 完成式的被動語態 (having been + v-ed)
1. I heard of his having been chosen(被選為) to be the coach of the team.
2. Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被對待)
rudely.
4.4 在動詞 need, want, require, deserve 之后的動名詞(作為賓語)，要用主動
語態來表示被動的意思。
1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要澆水).
2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回
答).
五、作定語 (Attribute)
動名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作為定語，表示該名詞的用途或有關的動作。
1. sleeping car 臥車
2. walking stick 手杖
3. printing shop 印務館
4. reading room 閱讀室
5. swimming pool 泳池
6. washing machine 洗衣機
7. dining room 飯廳
六、在英文正式語體里，動名詞可放在前置詞(Preposition)后，以替代副詞/狀語的子
句(Adverbial Clauses)
例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the
following number:...
2. In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the
following number:...
第二個句子的"In case of "動名詞短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一個句子的 "In
case" 副詞子句。
下列都是這類例子：
1. In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )
2. Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (despite)
3. For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)
4. The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)
5. In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)
6. Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )
7. The girl left without saying a word. (without)
8. The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)
9. The children got tired from learning too much. (from)
10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England.
(after)
11. Before going to bed, I opened the window. (before)
12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)
13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)
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